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# Glossary

## Docs

- [Glossary](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/overview.md): The tieback Knowledge glossary: precise, vendor neutral definitions of the legal, supply chain and technical terms used across Digital Product Passport and EU product compliance work.
- [Authorised Representative](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/authorised-representative.md): A person established in the Union appointed in writing by a manufacturer to perform specified tasks on behalf of the manufacturer.
- [Authoritative Source](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/authoritative-source.md): The source whose value for a given attribute is accepted as correct because it is closest to the process that creates the information and is accountable for maintaining it.
- [Battery Passport](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/battery-passport.md): The electronic record required by Article 77 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 for LMT batteries, industrial batteries above 2 kWh and electric vehicle batteries placed on the EU market from 18 February 2027.
- [Circular Economy](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/circular-economy.md): An economic model that keeps products, components and materials in use at their highest value for as long as possible, reducing waste and demand for primary resources.
- [Conformity Assessment](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/conformity-assessment.md): The process of demonstrating that a product meets the applicable legal requirements before it is placed on the market, through defined modules that may involve a notified body.
- [Corrective Action](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/corrective-action.md): The action an economic operator must take to bring a non-compliant product into conformity, or otherwise to remove the non-compliance, when required by law or by an authority.
- [Data Architecture](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/data-architecture.md): The structural design describing what data an organisation holds, where it originates, how it is modelled, how it moves between systems and how it is governed and consumed.
- [Data Carrier](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/data-carrier.md): The physical or digital medium, such as a QR code, data matrix or RFID tag, that carries a product identifier and provides access to a Digital Product Passport.
- [Declaration of Performance and Conformity](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/declaration-of-performance-and-conformity.md): The declaration required by Articles 13 to 16 of Regulation (EU) 2024/3110, in which a construction product manufacturer states the product performance in relation to essential characteristics and its conformity with applicable requirements, using the model in Annex V.
- [Delegated Act](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/delegated-act.md): A legally binding act adopted by the European Commission under powers granted by a framework regulation, used to set the detailed product specific requirements of the ESPR.
- [Digital Product Passport](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/digital-product-passport.md): A structured, machine readable set of product data made accessible through a data carrier on the product, its packaging or its documentation, under EU product legislation.
- [Economic Operator](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/economic-operator.md): The legal term for the parties that place products on the EU market or make them available, including manufacturers, authorised representatives, importers, distributors and fulfilment service providers.
- [Entry into Force](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/entry-into-force.md): The date on which an EU legal act becomes part of Union law, which is usually not the date its obligations start to apply.
- [EPCIS](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/epcis.md): A GS1 standard for sharing supply chain event data: what happened to which object, when, where and in what business context.
- [ESPR](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/espr.md): The Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2024/1781, the framework law that introduces ecodesign requirements and the Digital Product Passport in the European Union.
- [EU Declaration of Conformity](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/eu-declaration-of-conformity.md): The formal document in which the manufacturer states, on its sole responsibility, that a product meets the requirements of the applicable Union legislation.
- [Extended Producer Responsibility](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/extended-producer-responsibility.md): A policy mechanism under which producers bear financial or operational responsibility for the treatment of their products once they become waste, implemented in the EU through Directive 2008/98/EC as amended and through national transposition.
- [Golden Record](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/golden-record.md): The governed, reconciled representation of a product produced by matching records from several systems and resolving conflicts under defined rules.
- [GS1](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/gs1.md): A global not for profit standards organisation that issues unique identification keys and defines barcode, data capture and data exchange standards used across supply chains.
- [GS1 Digital Link](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/gs1-digital-link.md): A GS1 standard that expresses identification keys as structured web addresses, so a single scan can resolve to different destinations for different audiences.
- [GTIN](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/gtin.md): The Global Trade Item Number: a GS1 identification key that identifies a trade item type, not an individual physical item.
- [Harmonised Standard](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/harmonised-standard.md): A European standard adopted following a Commission request in support of Union legislation, whose reference is published in the Official Journal.
- [Harmonised Technical Specification](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/harmonised-technical-specification.md): The umbrella term used in Regulation (EU) 2024/3110 for the technical instruments that set essential characteristics, assessment methods and requirements for construction products, comprising harmonised standards drafted under Article 5 and other harmonised technical specifications adopted under Article 6.
- [Market Surveillance](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/market-surveillance.md): The activities carried out by national authorities to check that products on the EU market comply with applicable law, and the powers they hold to act when products do not.
- [Market Surveillance Authority](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/market-surveillance-authority.md): The national authority designated by a Member State to check that products on its market comply with EU law, and to require corrective action when they do not.
- [Master Data Management](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/master-data-management.md): The management discipline that defines, governs and maintains an organisation shared core data, supported where useful by technology, so that key entities are described consistently across systems.
- [Notified Body](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/notified-body.md): A conformity assessment body designated by a Member State and notified to the Commission to carry out third-party assessment tasks under specific Union legislation.
- [Presumption of Conformity](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/presumption-of-conformity.md): The legal effect by which a product conforming to a cited harmonised standard is presumed to meet the corresponding legal requirements.
- [Product Data](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/product-data.md): The structured information that describes a product, its identity, attributes, composition, documentation and compliance evidence, across the systems that hold it.
- [Product Data Governance](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/data-governance.md): The framework of decision rights, accountabilities, policies and controls that determines who may define, change and approve product data, and how those decisions are recorded.
- [Product Data Quality](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/data-quality.md): The degree to which product data is fit for its intended use, assessed across dimensions such as completeness, accuracy, consistency, timeliness, validity and uniqueness.
- [Product Data Stewardship](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/data-stewardship.md): The operational role of maintaining product data to agreed standards day to day, applying governance rules, resolving exceptions and monitoring quality.
- [Product Identifier](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/product-identifier.md): A unique code that distinguishes a product model, batch or individual item, and that anchors the identity of a Digital Product Passport over its entire lifetime.
- [Product Lifecycle](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/product-lifecycle.md): The sequence of stages a product passes through, from raw material extraction and manufacture to distribution, use, repair and end of life treatment.
- [Product Master Data](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/product-master-data.md): The stable, shared core data that identifies and describes a product across the systems that use it, as distinct from transactional or event data about individual movements and orders.
- [Product Traceability](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/product-traceability.md): The ability to follow the movement, composition and history of a product or its materials through the stages of production, distribution and use.
- [QR Code](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/qr-code.md): A two dimensional matrix barcode standardised as ISO/IEC 18004, widely used as the data carrier that links a physical product to its Digital Product Passport.
- [Recall](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/recall.md): A measure aimed at achieving the return of a product that has already been made available to the end user.
- [Resolver](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/resolver.md): A service that answers a request for an identifier-bearing address and returns the linked resource appropriate to the requester.
- [Source of Truth](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/source-of-truth.md): The agreed answer an organisation uses for a given piece of information, whether that answer comes directly from an authoritative system or from a reconciled record built from several systems.
- [State of Health](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/state-of-health.md): A measure of the condition of an individual battery relative to its original condition, required under Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 for certain batteries and reported at individual battery level in the battery passport.
- [Supply Chain Tier](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/supply-chain-tier.md): A position in a supply chain measured by distance from the organisation placing a product on the market, where tier 1 is a direct supplier and higher tiers are progressively more remote, used to describe where product passport data originates and where contractual reach ends.
- [Sustainability Data](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/sustainability-data.md): Product information describing environmental and social characteristics, such as material composition, recycled content, durability, reparability and carbon footprint.
- [System of Record](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/system-of-record.md): The system formally designated as authoritative for a defined data element or business domain, so that its value is the one relied upon when systems disagree.
- [Technical Documentation](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/technical-documentation.md): The file an economic operator must compile to demonstrate that a product meets the applicable legal requirements, and must make available to authorities on request.
- [Withdrawal](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/withdrawal.md): A measure that prevents a product in the supply chain from being made available on the market, without seeking its return from end users.
- [Working Plan](https://tieback.io/docs/knowledge-base/glossary/working-plan.md): The Commission plan that sets out which product groups are prioritised for ecodesign requirements, and in what order they will be addressed.